The Donkey Sanctuary is a nonprofit organization in Europe that has helped donkeys for many years. There is a large amount of useful donkey information on their site. Visit it at:
http://www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/ |
Ass: It is a separate equine species known to scientists as "Equus asinus". It is an equal member within the species as is the horse, zebra and wild ass breeds. The ass is considered a different species separate from the horse due to several physical characteristics. The most notable differences include: tufted tail, braying voice, short upright mane, steeper more angular pelvis shape, variation in hoof characteristics, long ears, coarser hair and skin texture and only 22 chromosomes.
Donkey: Common English term for asses. It's derivation is related to the older English words dun referring to its color, and ky a diminutive meaning small. Since most donkeys are pony-sized, the animal became known as the dunky, the small dun colored animal. Even today, the largest number of English donkeys will be the typical "grey-dun" (slate) color with dorsal stripe and cross. British nicknames for donkeys are " Moke" and " Neddy".
Burro: This is a common name for the small donkey located in the Southwestern portion of the United States. It is the Spanish equivalent to the term "donkey". It is the name of the everyday working animal. The Spanish have a large vocabulary for asses, with several terms for a breeding herd, breeding jack, breeding jennet, mule breeding stock, etc. However, when talking about the animal carrying water jars down the street, he is a burro. This term has come into common use in the Western part of the United States. Burro, however is not considered a proper term to use when referring to large Jackstock or to the Miniature Mediterranean donkey.
Standard: The American Donkey and Mule Society refers to these medium sized animals as "Standard Donkeys". They may be further divided for show and breeding purposes into SMALL STANDARD DONKEY, standing from 36.01 inches at the withers to 40". STANDARD, 40.01" -48" tall, and LARGE STANDARD DONKEY, 48.01 inches to 54 inches.
Mammoth: (or "Jackstock") To be considered a mammoth donkey, certain height standards must be met. The criteria are: 54 inches for females and 56 inches for males. Mammoths are big and generally favored as riding mounts.
Miniature Donkey: These small donkeys, which should be no more then 36 inches at the withers, were originally imported from the islands of Sicily and Sardinia. They have their own registry and that can be found by contacting the AMDS. They make excellent pets.
Jack: The proper name for an intact male, as stallion is the proper name for the male horse. JACKASS is also proper but the added "ass" is not necessary.
Jennet: The proper name for a female donkey, the equivalent of a mare. There existed a breed of horse in Spain, during the Middle ages, spelled Jineta, which is sometimes translated as Jennet. Additionally, the British sometimes call a hinny a jennet, but it is not common in the United States to use the terms interchangeably.
Jack Colt: An intact male ass under 3 years of age.
Jennet Filly: Young Female ass under 3 years of age.
Mule: A hybrid breed resulting from the breeding of a mare and a jack. Mules can be male or female! It is not true that all mules are males and hinnies are female!
Hinny: A hybrid produced with the donkey jennet as the mother and the stallion horse as the father. Some hinnies are indistinguishable from mules, others look quite a bit more horse. The voices of both the mule and hinny vary considerably from animal to animal and are quite different from the bray of an ass and the whinny of the horse. They are usually an interesting combination of the two and each animal has its own vocal style.
Bray: The "hee-haw" sound made by the ass. It is made by a sort of bellow action of the chest and belly.
Donkey: Common English term for asses. It's derivation is related to the older English words dun referring to its color, and ky a diminutive meaning small. Since most donkeys are pony-sized, the animal became known as the dunky, the small dun colored animal. Even today, the largest number of English donkeys will be the typical "grey-dun" (slate) color with dorsal stripe and cross. British nicknames for donkeys are " Moke" and " Neddy".
Burro: This is a common name for the small donkey located in the Southwestern portion of the United States. It is the Spanish equivalent to the term "donkey". It is the name of the everyday working animal. The Spanish have a large vocabulary for asses, with several terms for a breeding herd, breeding jack, breeding jennet, mule breeding stock, etc. However, when talking about the animal carrying water jars down the street, he is a burro. This term has come into common use in the Western part of the United States. Burro, however is not considered a proper term to use when referring to large Jackstock or to the Miniature Mediterranean donkey.
Standard: The American Donkey and Mule Society refers to these medium sized animals as "Standard Donkeys". They may be further divided for show and breeding purposes into SMALL STANDARD DONKEY, standing from 36.01 inches at the withers to 40". STANDARD, 40.01" -48" tall, and LARGE STANDARD DONKEY, 48.01 inches to 54 inches.
Mammoth: (or "Jackstock") To be considered a mammoth donkey, certain height standards must be met. The criteria are: 54 inches for females and 56 inches for males. Mammoths are big and generally favored as riding mounts.
Miniature Donkey: These small donkeys, which should be no more then 36 inches at the withers, were originally imported from the islands of Sicily and Sardinia. They have their own registry and that can be found by contacting the AMDS. They make excellent pets.
Jack: The proper name for an intact male, as stallion is the proper name for the male horse. JACKASS is also proper but the added "ass" is not necessary.
Jennet: The proper name for a female donkey, the equivalent of a mare. There existed a breed of horse in Spain, during the Middle ages, spelled Jineta, which is sometimes translated as Jennet. Additionally, the British sometimes call a hinny a jennet, but it is not common in the United States to use the terms interchangeably.
Jack Colt: An intact male ass under 3 years of age.
Jennet Filly: Young Female ass under 3 years of age.
Mule: A hybrid breed resulting from the breeding of a mare and a jack. Mules can be male or female! It is not true that all mules are males and hinnies are female!
Hinny: A hybrid produced with the donkey jennet as the mother and the stallion horse as the father. Some hinnies are indistinguishable from mules, others look quite a bit more horse. The voices of both the mule and hinny vary considerably from animal to animal and are quite different from the bray of an ass and the whinny of the horse. They are usually an interesting combination of the two and each animal has its own vocal style.
Bray: The "hee-haw" sound made by the ass. It is made by a sort of bellow action of the chest and belly.
Donkeys in Ireland
The Donkey was the lawn tractor/wheel barrow in old Ireland. There are still some today being used to haul the Turf or Peat. The Irish still burn Turf in their fire places. It is a fuel like coal.
You can find working donkeys, mostly in the West of Ireland but not like in the old days when roads were very poor and so were many of the people. Donkeys make the perfect work mates as they walk at about the same pace as people and tend to be able to do more work for their size than any other beast of burden except mules. Donkeys are thrifty and don't need the high protein a horse or pony requires. They are patient and long suffering to boot. Often donkeys will work without even a halter or bridle and will stay with their masters all day working willingly.
Having a wheelbarrow you don't have to push that can go through water and over bumpy ground is something that is still useful today. For people who ask me why we care so much for donkeys we say "Having a horse's body and a dog's brain makes for the perfect companion." Donkeys come in many sizes so you can find one that fits your lifestyle. We have never been hurt by a donkey nor kicked. We have owned ten different individuals and even the shy ones who were somewhat fearful never caused anyone harm.
May the frost never afflict
your spuds,
may the outside leaves of your cabbage always be
free of worms,
may the crows never pick your haystack,
and may your donkey always be in foal
-olde Irish Proverb
Donkey Traditions and Folklore
Christian tradition hold that donkeys originally had unmarked hides, and that it was only after Christ's entry into Jerusalem on the back of a donkey that they received the dark cross on their backs. The hairs from the cross were widely believed to cure a number of ailments, and were often worn in a charm around the neck to guard against whooping-cough, toothache, fits, and to ease teething pains in babies. Riding a donkey was also believed efficacious, especially if the rider faced the donkey's tail end, and was sometimes used as a preventative for toothache, measles and other children's complaints. One cure for whooping-cough and ague stated that the patient should be passed under a donkey and over its back either three or nine times; the trick of feeding an animal some of the patient's hair to transfer the illness was also used with donkeys. The donkey was also used to help cure the complaints of other animals; letting a black donkey run with mares in a field was thought to stop the mares miscarrying.
An old saying claims that no-one ever sees a dead donkey; however, there is also a tradition that to see a dead donkey means great good fortune, and even as recently as this century it was considered a good-luck charm to leap over the carcass of a dead donkey three times.
Donkeys in Egypt
Donkeys were kept in great herds in ancient Egypt. In the tombs of the Dynasty IV (ca. 2675-2565 BC) are indications that wealthy and powerful people possessed droves of over a thousand head. In addition to their use as a pack animal, donkeys were employed to tread seeds into the fertile Nile floodplain and to thresh the harvest. Elsewhere, mares were kept as dairy animals. Donkey's milk, higher both in sugar and protein content than cow's milk, was used as food, as medicine, and as a cosmetic to promote a white skin. Donkey meat has also provided food for various people.
The Legend of the Donkey's Bray
After hiding in Egypt for some years, Joseph decided to move his family back to Nazareth. During the night they camped along the side of the road. One night while they slept, their donkey heard the soldiers' horses coming from afar. Afraid that the soldiers were coming to kill Jesus, the donkey neighed to wake Joseph. He neighed and neighed, again and again, but his voice was just too soft to wake the sleepers. Finally, as the soldiers approached, the donkey prayed for a loud voice to wake the family. When he neighed again, he was rewarded with the loud bray such as donkeys have had ever since.
Saint Nicholas and the Donkey
The earliest St. Nicholas was very tall and slender. It wasn't until the tradition was brought to America that he put on all those extra pounds.
He also dressed much different than today. Only the flowing white beard and the color of his clothing bear any resemblance to our modern Santa.
Originally he wore the traditional clothing of a bishop. The red outfit came complete with a double pointed miter hat. Before the sleigh and eight tiny reindeer he made his rounds on the back of a donkey.
Democratic Donkey
The donkey first appeared as a symbol for the Democratic Party in the 1830s when the Democrat Andrew Jackson was President. The donkey continued in American political commentary as a symbol for the Democratic Party thereafter. Thomas Nast built upon this legacy and used his extraordinary skill to amplify it. For a time, the rooster also served as the symbol of the Democratic Party, but gradually the donkey replaced it in popular usage after the 1880s.
Donkey Bray
"If a donkey brays in the morning,
Let the hay makers take a warning;
If the donkey brays late at night,
Let the hay makers take delight."
-Welsh Folk saying
The Pet Donkey
Sioux: Native American Lore
There was a chief's daughter once who had a great many relations so that everybody knew she belonged to a great family.
When she grew up she married and there were born to her twin sons. This caused great rejoicing in her father's camp, and all the village women came to see the babes. She was very happy.
As the babes grew older, their grandmother made for them two saddle bags and brought out a donkey.
"My two grandchildren," said the old lady, "shall ride as is becoming to children having so many relations. Here is this donkey. He is patient and surefooted. He shall carry the babes in the saddle bags, one on either side of his back."
It happened one day that the chief's daughter and her husband were making ready to go on a camping journey. The father, who was quite proud of his children, brought out his finest pony, and put the saddle bags on the pony's back.
"There," he said, "my sons shall ride on the pony, not on a donkey; let the donkey carry the pots and kettles."
So his wife loaded the donkey with the house-hold things. She tied the tepee poles into two great bundles, one on either side of the donkey's back; across them she put the travois net and threw into it the pots and kettles and laid the skin tent across the donkey's back.
But no sooner done than the donkey began to rear and bray and kick. He broke the tent poles and kicked the pots and kettles into bits and tore the skin tent. The more he was beaten the more he kicked.
At last they told the grandmother. She laughed. "Did I not tell you the donkey was for the children," she cried. "He knows the babies are the chief's children. Think you he will be dishonored with pots and kettles?" and she fetched the children and slung them over the donkey's back, when he became at once quiet again.
The camping party left the village and went on their journey. But the next day as they passed by a place overgrown with bushes, a band of enemies rushed out, lashing their ponies and sounding their war whoop. All was excitement. The men bent their bows and seized their lances. After a long battle the enemy fled. But when the camping party came together again -- where were the donkey and the two babes? No one knew. For a long time they searched, but in vain. At last they turned to go back to the village, the father mournful, the mother wailing. When they came to the grandmother's tepee, there stood the good donkey with the two babes in the saddle bags.
Christian Donkey
The Sunday before Easter, known as Palm Sunday. Jesus arrived in Jerusalem for the Jewish festival of Passover. Great crowds of people lined the streets waving palm branches to welcome Him. The people were very excited and they spread branches on the road. Some even laid down their robes. They shouted 'Hosanna!' Jesus rode into the city on the back of an colt ass, a young donkey. He did this to fulfill the scriptures. The legend has been handed down that the donkey before this time was a solid color but after Christ died on the cross on Good Friday all donkey's received the mark of the cross on their back as a reminder of the service of that donkey to our Lord on Palm Sunday.
Matthew 21.1-11 NEB
Jesus and his disciples were nearing Jerusalem; and when they reached Bethphage at the Mount of Olives, Jesus sent two of them with these instructions: 'Go into the village opposite, where you will at once find a donkey tethered with her foal beside her; untie them, and bring them to me. If anyone speaks to you, say, "Our Master needs them"; and he will let you take them at once.' This was to fulfil the prophecy, which says, 'Tell the daughter of Zion, "Here is your king, who comes to you in gentleness, riding on an ass, riding on the foal of a beast of burden."'
The disciples went and did as Jesus had directed, and brought the donkey and her foal; they laid their cloaks on them and Jesus mounted. Crowds of people carpeted the road with their cloaks, and some cut branches from the trees to spread in his path. Then the crowd that went ahead and the others that came behind raised the shout: 'Hosanna to the Son of David! Blessings on him who comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the heavens!'
When he entered Jerusalem the whole city went wild with excitement. 'Who is this?' people asked, and the crowd replied, 'This is the prophet Jesus, from Nazareth in Galilee.'
The Donkey was the lawn tractor/wheel barrow in old Ireland. There are still some today being used to haul the Turf or Peat. The Irish still burn Turf in their fire places. It is a fuel like coal.
You can find working donkeys, mostly in the West of Ireland but not like in the old days when roads were very poor and so were many of the people. Donkeys make the perfect work mates as they walk at about the same pace as people and tend to be able to do more work for their size than any other beast of burden except mules. Donkeys are thrifty and don't need the high protein a horse or pony requires. They are patient and long suffering to boot. Often donkeys will work without even a halter or bridle and will stay with their masters all day working willingly.
Having a wheelbarrow you don't have to push that can go through water and over bumpy ground is something that is still useful today. For people who ask me why we care so much for donkeys we say "Having a horse's body and a dog's brain makes for the perfect companion." Donkeys come in many sizes so you can find one that fits your lifestyle. We have never been hurt by a donkey nor kicked. We have owned ten different individuals and even the shy ones who were somewhat fearful never caused anyone harm.
May the frost never afflict
your spuds,
may the outside leaves of your cabbage always be
free of worms,
may the crows never pick your haystack,
and may your donkey always be in foal
-olde Irish Proverb
Donkey Traditions and Folklore
Christian tradition hold that donkeys originally had unmarked hides, and that it was only after Christ's entry into Jerusalem on the back of a donkey that they received the dark cross on their backs. The hairs from the cross were widely believed to cure a number of ailments, and were often worn in a charm around the neck to guard against whooping-cough, toothache, fits, and to ease teething pains in babies. Riding a donkey was also believed efficacious, especially if the rider faced the donkey's tail end, and was sometimes used as a preventative for toothache, measles and other children's complaints. One cure for whooping-cough and ague stated that the patient should be passed under a donkey and over its back either three or nine times; the trick of feeding an animal some of the patient's hair to transfer the illness was also used with donkeys. The donkey was also used to help cure the complaints of other animals; letting a black donkey run with mares in a field was thought to stop the mares miscarrying.
An old saying claims that no-one ever sees a dead donkey; however, there is also a tradition that to see a dead donkey means great good fortune, and even as recently as this century it was considered a good-luck charm to leap over the carcass of a dead donkey three times.
Donkeys in Egypt
Donkeys were kept in great herds in ancient Egypt. In the tombs of the Dynasty IV (ca. 2675-2565 BC) are indications that wealthy and powerful people possessed droves of over a thousand head. In addition to their use as a pack animal, donkeys were employed to tread seeds into the fertile Nile floodplain and to thresh the harvest. Elsewhere, mares were kept as dairy animals. Donkey's milk, higher both in sugar and protein content than cow's milk, was used as food, as medicine, and as a cosmetic to promote a white skin. Donkey meat has also provided food for various people.
The Legend of the Donkey's Bray
After hiding in Egypt for some years, Joseph decided to move his family back to Nazareth. During the night they camped along the side of the road. One night while they slept, their donkey heard the soldiers' horses coming from afar. Afraid that the soldiers were coming to kill Jesus, the donkey neighed to wake Joseph. He neighed and neighed, again and again, but his voice was just too soft to wake the sleepers. Finally, as the soldiers approached, the donkey prayed for a loud voice to wake the family. When he neighed again, he was rewarded with the loud bray such as donkeys have had ever since.
Saint Nicholas and the Donkey
The earliest St. Nicholas was very tall and slender. It wasn't until the tradition was brought to America that he put on all those extra pounds.
He also dressed much different than today. Only the flowing white beard and the color of his clothing bear any resemblance to our modern Santa.
Originally he wore the traditional clothing of a bishop. The red outfit came complete with a double pointed miter hat. Before the sleigh and eight tiny reindeer he made his rounds on the back of a donkey.
Democratic Donkey
The donkey first appeared as a symbol for the Democratic Party in the 1830s when the Democrat Andrew Jackson was President. The donkey continued in American political commentary as a symbol for the Democratic Party thereafter. Thomas Nast built upon this legacy and used his extraordinary skill to amplify it. For a time, the rooster also served as the symbol of the Democratic Party, but gradually the donkey replaced it in popular usage after the 1880s.
Donkey Bray
"If a donkey brays in the morning,
Let the hay makers take a warning;
If the donkey brays late at night,
Let the hay makers take delight."
-Welsh Folk saying
The Pet Donkey
Sioux: Native American Lore
There was a chief's daughter once who had a great many relations so that everybody knew she belonged to a great family.
When she grew up she married and there were born to her twin sons. This caused great rejoicing in her father's camp, and all the village women came to see the babes. She was very happy.
As the babes grew older, their grandmother made for them two saddle bags and brought out a donkey.
"My two grandchildren," said the old lady, "shall ride as is becoming to children having so many relations. Here is this donkey. He is patient and surefooted. He shall carry the babes in the saddle bags, one on either side of his back."
It happened one day that the chief's daughter and her husband were making ready to go on a camping journey. The father, who was quite proud of his children, brought out his finest pony, and put the saddle bags on the pony's back.
"There," he said, "my sons shall ride on the pony, not on a donkey; let the donkey carry the pots and kettles."
So his wife loaded the donkey with the house-hold things. She tied the tepee poles into two great bundles, one on either side of the donkey's back; across them she put the travois net and threw into it the pots and kettles and laid the skin tent across the donkey's back.
But no sooner done than the donkey began to rear and bray and kick. He broke the tent poles and kicked the pots and kettles into bits and tore the skin tent. The more he was beaten the more he kicked.
At last they told the grandmother. She laughed. "Did I not tell you the donkey was for the children," she cried. "He knows the babies are the chief's children. Think you he will be dishonored with pots and kettles?" and she fetched the children and slung them over the donkey's back, when he became at once quiet again.
The camping party left the village and went on their journey. But the next day as they passed by a place overgrown with bushes, a band of enemies rushed out, lashing their ponies and sounding their war whoop. All was excitement. The men bent their bows and seized their lances. After a long battle the enemy fled. But when the camping party came together again -- where were the donkey and the two babes? No one knew. For a long time they searched, but in vain. At last they turned to go back to the village, the father mournful, the mother wailing. When they came to the grandmother's tepee, there stood the good donkey with the two babes in the saddle bags.
Christian Donkey
The Sunday before Easter, known as Palm Sunday. Jesus arrived in Jerusalem for the Jewish festival of Passover. Great crowds of people lined the streets waving palm branches to welcome Him. The people were very excited and they spread branches on the road. Some even laid down their robes. They shouted 'Hosanna!' Jesus rode into the city on the back of an colt ass, a young donkey. He did this to fulfill the scriptures. The legend has been handed down that the donkey before this time was a solid color but after Christ died on the cross on Good Friday all donkey's received the mark of the cross on their back as a reminder of the service of that donkey to our Lord on Palm Sunday.
Matthew 21.1-11 NEB
Jesus and his disciples were nearing Jerusalem; and when they reached Bethphage at the Mount of Olives, Jesus sent two of them with these instructions: 'Go into the village opposite, where you will at once find a donkey tethered with her foal beside her; untie them, and bring them to me. If anyone speaks to you, say, "Our Master needs them"; and he will let you take them at once.' This was to fulfil the prophecy, which says, 'Tell the daughter of Zion, "Here is your king, who comes to you in gentleness, riding on an ass, riding on the foal of a beast of burden."'
The disciples went and did as Jesus had directed, and brought the donkey and her foal; they laid their cloaks on them and Jesus mounted. Crowds of people carpeted the road with their cloaks, and some cut branches from the trees to spread in his path. Then the crowd that went ahead and the others that came behind raised the shout: 'Hosanna to the Son of David! Blessings on him who comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the heavens!'
When he entered Jerusalem the whole city went wild with excitement. 'Who is this?' people asked, and the crowd replied, 'This is the prophet Jesus, from Nazareth in Galilee.'